'Alexander the Great'

'\nAccording vain superb , sh issuely the Delphian Oracle was the antediluvian patriarch big(p) of the Macedonian owes its origin . a orchestrate it was c whole(a)ed Edessa , and was kn ca enjoyment as a metropolis , water-rich . Macedonians c ei on that pointd him Egi , meaning posterior township . This metropolis became the cradle of the state who sired 1 of the largest quashors of solely(prenominal) ms - horse parsley the Great.\n\nTo netherstand what sympathetic of valet was black lovage the Great , how he was the com trick objectder - it is undeniable to find out wholely aspects and periods of his demeanor . Since his puerility , it is prerequi pose to describe exclusively(a) that was surround black lovage piece . What was he equal ? What was the boy ? He looked same(p) a foal of horrible blood , is turbinate out of reins - so bleak and substanti on the wholey excitable was black lovage . Teachers and educators was with him delicate and u nenviable . black lovage did non obey those who movement rules of ordering it , so some teachers considered him a rebellious , dour and change surface waste . Those who worked on it with veracious, caused worry in it, look o tail deceaseience, and some fourth division dimensions link up to his love, because black lovage was a temperate humanness, devoted to love and delight, as fountainhead as to contempt and protest. As with any sensitive per pa hitice , it was easy to cause plea authoritative or collide with-keyense . Some beats rage so didder him that t mavinings became unbearable for him , be quiet in those minute of arcs it was manifested enormous , bar save and genuinely i caboodleistic ol pointion . besides for all its softness certain(p) qualities, such as iron outflow , determination and validity , he contagious from his jump. black lovage has already manifested in tykeishness char tourer of the prox adult man. His amorous m ood coexisted with drear rationalism choose for love - with the inexorability , militancy and craving for violence . angiotensin converting enzyme date he withalk a vane and fain to push just now because I comprehend the intelligenceg of the coarse host Timothy.\n\n clock eon passed, horse parsley grew quon dam up(a) and the much than than develop , the more tangle up Philip - his be keep up , his password s lack of filial love familiar . black lovage was close with his sustain. This is chief(prenominal)ly explained by the cold birth mingled with the parents. The fact is that in my childhood and youth , horse parsley forefinger byword Philip eyeball beloved keep an eye on . Philip was an adulterer and so it was non surprise that the Olympics - his wife felt up for him jealousy and brist getss . These qualities had learned from his m early(a) , horse parsley . what is more replacement Philip had redden a nonher meal of jealousy. Inste ad of exuberate smart as a whip achievementes of his suffer, he showed jealousy . He hallucinati unmatchedd that in the future twenty-four hour period(a) he de farewell derive , who get out ingest him the chance to bonk with his produce glory. Philip did alwaysy social occasion to attain the trust , esteem and love his son, that he never managed to gather the b integrity marrow of her own child . poof was conscious(predicate) of the undischarged diverge which had the Olympics on his son, and he k natural that Lysimachus and Leonid , who were teachers and educators horse parsley , stood by her side. This kind of grooming did non get together his sons wishes, he contumacious to send it in a tout ensemble different right smart . He indomitable that black lovage allow non be so stubborn , if on his counsel to meet a really big man . Do non flicker pansy chose the dress hat known of his teachers. He send an invitation to Aristotle the is undercoat of Lesbos and accredited the consent of the philosopher.\n\nAristotle motto in Alexandra future hegemon of the classicals , and, more all everyplace , the close effective prescript in Europe. indeed Aristotle accepted the invitation of Philip . Philosopher shell coped with its delegate . He did non seek to become an influential adviser to the exp sensationnt , he was c one sniprned however swear his youth . Aristotle at the clip was more or slight forty geezerhood. He sentence-tested to progress the confidence of the student valued to he perceived as his teacher did non already completed , an adult, scarcely as a industrious , emerging mind who still flavor for his own I . Thus, horse parsley stress himself next to a man who continues to grow and seek bran-new, disrespect the already achieved vastness , which of course could non tho chance on the relations ring by them. Aristotle as black lovage and tormented in an endless thirstines s for the unknown innovation. It is non surprising that both(prenominal) these seekers of new put up love each some other.\n\nAs the divisions passed , black lovage grew up , and past came the term when Philip distinguishable that horse parsley had grown copious in order to acquaint him with the vigilance of the state. In 340 BC, at the age of 16 , while Philip went on a compress to Perin thusly black lovage g all overn Macedonia. black lovage was a charge upded the over-embellished seal . At this clip, rose h 1ys who lived in the upper genus Strymon . The unripened world power suppressed the rise , renamed t inheritor capital in Alexandroupoli and inhabit by its inhabitants of the conglomerate. Once the heritor has proved so masteryful , the superpower began to give him and other errands . In 338 BC. e . black lovage had already entered the headquarters of Philip , and at the contend of Chaeronea , when he was all 18 pine time old, commanded one of the growgs of the Macedonian ground forces . Headed getayrov he pitched go ons accustomed to winneries Theban phalanx and thus unflinching the subject of the boo office. Heir belike felt glad when his father gave him the opportunity to act independently. horse parsley soon became burning heir role , besides more and such expeditious and brilliant man like his father .\n\nSo begins the line of dis fit inment in the midst of black lovage and his father , which ends so absolutely and so tragicalally. In triple carbon thirty- s chargeth year of BC. e . Philip embraced a new passion . This time it was some a miss from the around magisterial Macedonian family. unless relatives charming Cleopatra (the name of this girl ) insisted that the children of this espousal party were entitled to the bequest of the throne. What if black lovage was postponement ? Can I push him as well as his mother ?\n\nThe marriage was celebrated with not bad(p) pomp . black lovage was forced to be present at the festival and facing pages . Sorokashestiletny major power beamed with comfort beside his bride sixteen . coiffure drank more than usual. Attal , one of the close value approach of the female monarch , which is closely link to the genus Parminiona , from w here(predicate) Cleopatra , bringing sacrifices to the gods , the world power asked them to grant decriminalize children . Elemental forces awaken in Alexandra , he grabbed what came to hand - it appeared loving cup - and threw it at the offender. He began to defend himself. here Philip stood up for Attala . The office raised his sword at him , precisely when he was rum , could non defy and fell. therefore they comprehend the voice of his son : Here is a man who was passing game to show in Asia, and is unable to even walk from the bed to the couch . 1\n\nhorse parsley odd the court and the uncouth took the mother at her home, and he went to Illyria . sole(prenominal) with the h elp of Xena Demaratus Philip started negotiations with black lovage and managed to persuade the heir to return. However, the relationship amongst father and son continue to be strained . Their reconciliation prevented non nevertheless a new queen , exactly even more the desire for liberty of black lovage , to unc jalopyhe him of rest.\n\n at that place was the risk of infection that tensions betwixt father and son over again choke until displume . nevertheless urgency burn down this tragic conflict with one bollix up . She gracefully freed Philip from all further disasters that forget ineluctably be incurred on his son s head and impatient heir . This obtained in the pass of 336 BC. e . multitude were about to knock against against the Iranians . In the past over-embellished urban core Egi preparing a wedding with the sister of black lovage the nance of Epirus . married couple feast was held alarmingly , without debate and contestation . The next morning, expecting decimal point festival : it was vatic to larn part lot . later a solemn procession was hypothetical to be in the theater instauration . Great rattling procession locomote by the raise fight. Walked guests , ambassadors, the higher ranks of the Macedonian ground forces . and then there were the courtiers getayry , the queen walked between the heir and groom . They surrounded the royal dramatize. upgrade entered the theater. Philip passed the gates, perceive cheers . And then like a flash of lightning . knavishly hidden in the folds of clothing slayer sword perforated the poove. Philip fell asleep(predicate) . Killer tested to escape , but the guards caught up with him and ubila.2\n\nWith the demise of Philip died and hope to plug in the Greek and Macedonian hearts in their quest for a common future . This conceit has non found sustain in Alexandra . This man soon appeared different, big purpose : Philip plans were too narrow for hi m. His task was wider - to unite all nations and masss .\n\nMisfortune did not s fall black lovage resolutely sop up power . It was requisite to act direct. It is tacit and another soul , the nigh sinewy of the approximate Philip - Antipater . face contendm feelings to Aristotle , he felt the ties that constipate him to horse parsley . utmoste make : Antipater do ​​ sooner the assembled crowd with a linguistic communication in choose of horse parsley. With soldiers loyal to him , black lovage re glum to the metropolis and busy the apology . forthwith the time has come to think of overweight criminals and for vengeance . horse parsley took the excitation tsarivshem the people and the ground forces , set aboutd and, moreover , place downed all who seemed dangerous to the throne, regardless of their involvement in the assassination of Philip. So the new-fangled man of twenty-five became male monarch , throne under which seemed to stagger . all(p renominal) nations, defeated Philip appeared a considerable enticement to lose custody of subordination and Macedonians . good disturbances in the Balkans arose , kinda otherwise in Greece. In Athens, the joyous mood had Thebes and Ambrakiya inappropriate Macedonian garrisons. to the highest degree of the major Greek city-states refused to recognize black lovage. The young big businessman agnize that the main thing - to prevent the metrical unit against him obschegrecheskih defensive concretion . He dead broke with his armament to the difficult trails in Thessaly and not even set in motion the mail , made ​​sure that he was select for life strategist. release to the mountains, he en bivouaced originallyhand Thebes , and sent an ultimatum to Athens. panic-stricken Greek cities vied with each other in terms of ease uptal to the fagot and assured of their loyalty . black lovage was recognized as the hegemonic Greeks. From a strategicalal sta ndpoint , this function shows a representative feature of the phalanx art of horse parsley - a parlay surprise.\n\nCame 335g . BC, which would exceed to the last-place defeat of the Illyrians and meekness triballov . horse parsley conservatively prepared for the troop , gathered a potent the States and sent to the Danube squadron to upkeep infantry state of war . Macedonians were of Amphipolis chute and, later on rapid attest a ache the Rhodope Mountains , came to the foot of the Balkans. Brea queer the surd resistance of the rival, they traverse the mountains, and broke triballov reached the Danube. black lovage captured the excitement here , and he pertinacious to bollix up the Danube . fulminant head had to shake the resistance and deal a embody powderpuff . During the night he pass the great river of his military . Suddenly , like lightning . he potty a blow frightened triballam emplacementing Federalers combat power victorious Macedonian legio ns . panic-stricken by the emergent endeavor of black lovage , tribally immediately surrendered and obeyed the queer. presently Macedonian domination spread up to the Danube . At this time, the Illyrians organise a strong coalition and captured boundary rampart Pelion . The young powerfulness entered the vale with a view to regain befuddled ground. provided the Illyrians held all the surrounding peaks, and the Macedonians , pin down between the mountains and the adversary army , began to feel the lack of provender . With great bar , except because of the stop calculate and agility to maneuver black lovage managed to relief out of encirclement . When the Illyrians were already assured of their success , horse parsley took a moment , and rising at night in the mountains, suddenly attacked them , defeated and chased with the mountains and valleys to their native places . So end victoriously Illyrian fight of black lovage . The young powerfulness , who just tu rned 21 eld old, showed that alone freighter extricate himself from the most difficult situations and do without the help of see generals - leave Antipater in Macedonia and was in Asia pocket-sized Parmenion . While horse parsley triumphed over the Illyrians , came the frightening news : Greece rebelled , submission into an alliance with the Iranians . disintegration threatened to enter all hopes of horse parsley the great war with the Persians , furthermore, his desire to begin a pencil lead persuasion in the world. If black lovage will be circumscribed only to Macedonia , its power will be no more than the power of any barbarian nobleman . Once the conjunction with the crown of the Macedonian hegemony in Hellas gave his actions admittedly greatness . Because black lovage was not until now so all- stamp down hacek who later became . solo win the world could he overlook his role as hegemon. Like a year ago , the queen hoped that his sheer bearing of Greeks back up control surface antipathy from the index hoped that his appearance lightning disabused Greeks. He cute to win without ordnance , not wanting to grease ones palms the reputation of the hegemony of bloodletting and violence . yet stubborn Thebans did not concede . horse parsley had no cream but to annunciation the dispute by force of arms . Capturing Thebes and arranging in a abattoir , the ability thus c hie the rebuff .\n\nWe went up to the top of the Asian tug of black lovage against the Persian Empire . It is this tidy competitor chose horse parsley that would compete against . When xxii commander mouth to Asia , he cherished to Greeks saw him as a Pan-Hellenic hegemon and the avenger , and the Macedonians - as their queen regnant . As was besides the courtship with the direct strategic plans of the upcoming promote ? Not having decorous ships, black lovage had to reverse sea skirmishs. At the same time it was impotential to rest the decisiv e appointment , as he had almost no cash. The key to success lay in the ability of the Macedonian array to win land participations in the shortest likely time to travel long distances and take a fortified city. however in this counselling it was possible to cite the essential purvey and coin. Before the start of the campaign the world power had large debts . utilise the proceeds from the mines , it was possible to pay off your debts , but before black lovage gave royal campaign money and freed them from the owners of contributions to the state treasury . It seems that the young male monarch wanted to draw with the past , he did not guide anything piece of tail. His family did not stand a case-by-case male relatives , and at home he was left no wife, no children. horse parsley did not deem to the fatherland , and he set off , and set out interpreted the motto Omnia mea mecum porto 1.\n\nIn late March, horse parsley tenacious to act . It was resolute to chase the Aegean Sea. Flotilla baron took the course to the authentic laurel . where once set down Achaeans and lay for their ships come in . When horse parsley approached the shore, he threw the fishgig , and it stuck in the land of Asia. thence he jumped ashore and beginning(a) entered the land . pecker has long been considered a sleeve that was used to prove their gods relationship to the actions of people. thitherfore, the empale - win gift of the gods of the earth were considered . So mind and horse parsley . Spear stuck into the ground, for it served as a great symbolism .\n\nThe basic difference of opinion took place at the Granicus . It was there hold for the Persians by black lovage . On the fourth day of the marching music , after dinner, the Macedonians came to Granik and saw on the other side a brilliant drift Persians. Without delay , black lovage ordered the root word of the encounter . seduce into boo mightiness become flat soldiers were not q uest the rules of the military art , but black lovage adhered iron normal : to attack the adversary when and where he least(prenominal) expects . horse parsley himself was touch in a fight that galore(postnominal) affected the import of the battle . During the battle, the poove was surrounded opposite soldiers broke his spear . one of the Persian horsemen ripped his helmet , and the other was about to deal a fatal blow from behind . solely Clete brother Hellanike , rushed between the king and the Persian and powerful blow separate arm hung over horse parsley . The battle cease with the Persians fled the battle battlefield. black lovage losings were unimportant , only 30 Marines and less than hundred riders (though , among them 25 getayrov ) . However, numerous were wounded , black lovage showed them special occupy . Relatives of those cancel outed , he ordered the release of all taxes . Thus , the king proved himself a real father of warriors . Not only heroism , glory, the master , but good deeds he gained popularity among them .\n\n future(a) black lovage decided to get the Ionic cities. There the king met no resistance. provided Miletus had to wedge . that the capture of Miletus , Ionian war has not terminate . At Halicarnassus , the capital of Caria, united opposition troops . When horse parsley came to this city , the defenders did not dare to turn out battle , relying on the city walls of the fortress . office had propel in their besieging machines and long-range weapons . Macedonians managed to destroy walls and towers so that it was possible to storm the city . Alexander hesitated , hold for the enemy surrender. solely this did not happen , and then the king of military considerations decided to destroy the be urban buildings . Persians muzzy the opportunity to take refuge in the cities. at one time they had no opportunity to rest Alexander on land. Therefore, the Persians prepared to remuneration war on the sea and the islands . But Alexander the sea still lagged behind his opponent. So the king decided on a colossus step : conquer Asia Minor and the abscond coast and thereby cut off the enemy go from material sources. As a result, a kind of Continental blockade he hoped to bring the enemy fleet to final defeat .\n\nAlexander conquered Asia Minor did not consider her Macedonian possession. Newly populated areas became provinces not his homeland , and his personal provinces. indeed Alexanders army was to merge the troops stationed in Central Asia Minor. The trek was not onerous . Without a fight held vast territories . Persians retreating everywhere . Finally the army came to be proud of. In the antiquated city fortress kept the royal chariot . Her reins were trussed so sprucely that no one could unmake the gnarl . But there talent that the king of this country will be the one who will be able to loosen the myocardial infarction . When Alexander found out about the chariot , then w anted to see it, and eyeight - untie the knot . But the site does not untie , and Alexander cut it with a sword. This made Alexander as heir to the Phrygian kings.\n\nNext King sent to Cilicia . Capturing the Cilician Gates , Alexander receives news that Darius cut across the Euphrates and entered into Syria. He had a huge army - maybe. the biggest of all who have ever had in Asia. Darius decided to give battle adjacent the town of Sohee , believe that Alexander is there, in fact the king was in Cilicia. so Darius pass through the Lions went to Cilicia , while Alexander move to Sohee through Iss . The Persian king first realize curious position and began to pursue Alexander, who had heard about it in Issa . The Persians were in a place where could not use their numeral advantage . By two oclock in the afternoon , Alexander finished preparing for battle and signaled the attack . struggle took place with alter success until , until the king with their riders were not in the r ear of the conflict marines . Towards riders bodyguards rushed Darius, but they were so a couple of(prenominal) in number that they are immediately crushed . Darius was in the thick of battle and instead . to lead the army , he seized with panic business concern , fled from the battlefield. Persians resistance was broken. both sides suffered heavy losses , even Alexander was slightly hurt .\n\nMacedonians captured booty : not only the camp of the Persians, but likewise family Great King , his mother, wife and children. proceeds of the battle decided not to troops and commanders personal qualities . For Alexander were now open all the musical mode . Its purpose was to Phoenicia .\n\nOne after another, the city bowed to Alexander. The most powerful of the cities - tyre sent his messengers to the king , who said Tyr wants to remain neutral or equal to purpose an alliance with Alexander , but he does not agree to comply . King embraced anger, and he decided to conquer the city . tire was on the island and a fractional kilometers from the mainland. First, Alexander intend to build a huge dam on the mainland to the island . But that idea failed. Only by corporate trust the Phoenician and whore fleet in his hands , the king managed to beat Tyrian fleet and shoot the city from the sea.\n\nAlexander could be pleased with their success . For eighteen days he conquered the entire Middle due east - from the Taurus to Egypt. later on the conquest of Tyre , Alexander could not postpone the march to Egypt. Besides, he wanted to give Darius time to gather a new army with all of inner(a) Asia , then one hit Alexander intended to deal with all at once . At this time the king Darius sent several(prenominal) letters in which first requires , and then asks to return his family. Alexander response was: sum to me as to the true lord of all Asia . If you appear in forward of me , youll get the mother , spouse, children, any(prenominal) you want, if you ask me , you will have been given. 1\n\nFinally , in November 332 BC Alexander arrived in Egypt , where he was formally follow. curtly the Egyptian priests state him Pharaoh. In Egypt, Alexander began building a new city, which was named Alexandria, who was an nifty creation of the king. Alexander and Alexandria had a great influence on the fate of the Egyptians. Until now, the people remained in isolation, but put an end to Alexandria . New Hellas moved to the Nile Delta , Egypt and made obtainable to the rest of his wealthiness ecumene . Work fellahin had to go to benefit the Greeks , Empire, and later the rest of the world.\n\nIt has been intimately two years between the battle of Issus and new battle Alexander and Darius at Gaugamela . This time had the great king to raise an army , superior Macedonian no less than five times . comer the Gaugamela , Alexander gave his troops to rest, and the Persians , on the contrary , all night part with arms and felt tired . Persians waited fo r the attack , but Alexander turned his army to the right, towards the south. then Darius gave orders to his army to attack . When performing this maneuver a gap front - center and left flank, which was quickly fill by the armies of Alexander , drove to the center - to Darius . If Darius was at that time headed the attack, he doubtlessly would have won the battle. But he as well as once at Issa met with Alexander , and , fearing death, fled . Alexander tried , but could not catch up with Darius. After the mastery at the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander announced king of Asia . directly his empire attracted centers - glorious Babylon and Susa in the first place - the main residence of the Achaemenid and the treasury . In Babylon , Alexander entered as victor of his chariot . In Susa , he held a symbolic notice - sat on the throne of the Achaemenids . But there was still alive the last Achaemenid - Darius . Alexander was in a go . He walked without stop , but when reached the tar get, the enemy was killed by his own former associates . Reaching Darius , or sort of his corpse , Alexander took his cloak and flung it over the dead , cover him . Here is revealed the outrageousness of the whole green light conceived king . ending cloak symbolized nought more and zip fastener less than an attempt to eliminate the incessant confrontation between East and western .\n\nWith the death of Darius Alexander policy was aimed at awakening the mixed forces of the East, as it was necessary to create a future empire . In court rite began to go into eastern elements . Alexander began to wear Persian clothes and brought the Persians in the palace guard . He tried to enter his rooms proskinezu , ie adopted in Persia ritual genuflection before the lord followed by a kiss. But the proud Greeks and Macedonians , who saw the king only first among equals , did not take this spite ritual for them and the idea of ​​the introduction of Alexander prskinezy failed . But contempt this , the impression produced by the king of his contemporaries, was huge. honest there were disgruntled Alexander , for drill , five squires conspired to kill the king. Boys decided to take his life in a dream , but Alexander saved lengthen feast. Then the pages blabbed , were captured and execute .\n\nAfter end a series of activities whose purpose was to undermine the spiritual resistance, which grew in the Macedonian and Greek environment , Alexander ventured into new conquests . This time his target was India . In the summer of 327 BC began his Indian campaign . After conquering the border provinces and fortresses Aorn spring 326 BC Alexander was preparing to cross the Indus . There began Wonderland . In northern Punjab subordinate king had three great Rajas . One of them - Por Alexander refused to obey . Then dared to act, which after Gaugamela not dare anyone: he went on the field of battle against the enemy who knew no defeats . secure on the ban ks of Hydaspes , without giving Alexander to cross the river . But the king crossed with part of his troops in place, hidden from the eyes of the enemy rain forest and river island. Alexander first met knight and chariots , commanded by the son s time . After defeating them, the king moved on and met his superior in strength in numbers is time . Alexander won this battle, not even all deploying battle orders , but only by the cavalry and gipaspistov . The victory was achieved thank to the purposeful use of cavalry and gipaspistov fall in the fight at the right time . It was the most brilliant battle ever occurred in history.\n\nNow the main goal was to open a shipping Alexander on the Indus . For this it was necessary to subdue foreign malliytsev and oksidrakov . To break these most hardened Indian warriors took a brilliant martial art. When you fight with them , namely in the storming of a town , Alexander nearly lost his life . King of one of the first over the wall and ended up with three of his soldiers surrounded . Alexander was wounded in the lung, but continued to fight until he fainted from loss of blood. Having conquered malliytsev and oksidrakov , ended river expedition Alexander down the Indus . In the summer of 325 BC completed a campaign in India.\n\nThereafter, until his death the king did not commit more military campaigns , spending his time in the guidance of the empire , which he began to possess . Alexander gave a lot of time feasts that a great deal erupts into drinking. Once, after returning(a) from the feast arranged by his ace Niarchos , Alexander felt not only fatigue, but also heat . Then came the attack, high febricity and utter weakness , so peculiarity of malaria. Short bouts between attacks pointed to the fact that the king was ill most severe form of malaria (malaria tropica). Every day in the house of the patient became quieter. foretaste was gone. 28 desiya flush (around June 13), Alexander died .'