The Fiftieth Gate and The Pianist Essay Example for Free

The Fiftieth Gate and The Pianist EssayMemory helps form the basis of write up, whereas history git be used to shed light on fragmented memories. For a true understanding of the gone there has to be a balance between documented evidence and personal experiences and memories. In pit Bakers nonfiction biography The Fiftieth Gate (1997), and Roman Polanskis read The Pianist (2002) have both reconstructed the past finished a combination of memories and historical livelihood. The interplay of historical documentation and memories is critical for an accurate portrayal of an event. The Fiftieth Gate follows Bakers own investigation into the history and memories of his parents to understand the events of the Holocaust. He adopts a style of writing similar to Midrash, a religious method of biblical interpretation of ideas, to bridge the gap between the past and present. Intially memories are inconsistent for Baker. They can leap out at him, like a jack-in-the-box, the simile enhan cing the nonion that memories are unpredictable and therefore non whole reliable. Bakers value of historical exactness over entrepot is seen through the juxtaposition of his fathers shared experience against his mothers lone survival.He sees his fathers past written on page of history shared by other survivors while his mother could not point to anyone. As the novel progresses, this preference for history over memory is diminished. History is characterized as cold and lifeless being papers (that are)echoes of the past, dark shadows without screams, without smells, without venerate. The repetition of without emphasizes the lack of emotion present in historical accounts. At the end of the novel Baker arrives at the rhetorical question Why do I crave the contents of this single lone sentencewhen all it says is what she has repeated throughout her life? while summarising his mothers experience.The historian at long last learns to stop only looking at numbers and lists but rather hear the pleas of a human being. With this final combination of history and memory Baker is able to acquire a deeper understanding of the past. A similar focus on the interplay of historical documentation and memories is seen in Roman Polanskis film The Pianist. Polanskis own memories and the experiences of Wladyslaw Spzilman are verified by archival images taken by the Germans and historical data about the Warsaw Ghetto.In contrast to Bakers describing of events, The Pianist visually recreates the memories of the Holocaust victims. Polanski uses monochromatic colours, costumes and lighting to produce a morose World War II concentration live atmosphere. Within the film the interplay of history and memory is shown as black and white footage intercut with contemporary scenes of Spzilman from Pianist. To ensure that the smallest detail would be exact, the director employed research experts, who found artefacts from the Holocaust to use in the film that would provide authenticity.Thi s is enhanced with talk that enlightens the audience to the attitudes and values of that time, They hang (those) for helping Jews. Allusions to official decrees that were placed at that time where No jews are allowed and newspaper articles and radio broadcasts of that time is used by Polanski to place the audience accurately within that time. He uses an aware mise en scene of ruins in Europe and Warsaw, and intercuts actual historical World War II footage and data. In trying to rebuild the world exactly as it was no more, no less, he melds history and memory to reveal truths.For an accurate understanding of past events there needs to be a balance between historical documentation and personal memories. Baker creates these metaphorical gates that open his parents memories, a link to his Jewish heritage, with each gate drawing a go memory. He enhances the eternal power of memories through sensory imagery Can you hear, or do the screams from the mass grave drown out the sounds and m elodies of Wierzbnik in its pureness? The experiences endured by his parents continue to torment them, their memories broken like fragments of sacred tablet.The motif of stone in this simile corresponds with the Jewish belief of memory not being remembered by flowers but rather by stones as they are mysterious and eternal. The lasting effect of the Holocaust is seen in Genias dialogue Don? t interrogate me. I? m your mother, not your prisoner, the negative word connotations linking back to her own circumstance during the Nazi regime. Personal memories explore emotions that can never be captured by written documents, a notion that is illustrated through the repetition and rhetorical question of You read, you read.Books, books, everywhere. But do you know how it feels? Baker employs evocative languge of his mother remembering the sound of shots of screaming, which is contrasted to the historical facts of this event the death toll of atleast 40,000 Jews, demonstrating the value of m emory, as it provides greater substance and accuracy than documented evidence. through an investigation of both history and personal memories Baker is able to gain an accurate understanding of the past. Polanski is a survivor telling a survivors story.The Pianist explores past events through the diary of a German officer, the memoirs of Wladyslaw Spzilman and Polanskis own personal memories. Three accounts interweave in this film to pageantry an accurate interpretation of the Holocaust. The accuracy of the Pianists memory is justified as it was written immediately after the war. Polanski himself remembers the one thing that is burnt in my mind is the arm band with the star of David. He places this image to symbolise the dehumanisation of the Jewish people. This corresponds with the number branded on Bakers father, Yossl.Polanski indirectly questions the link between memories and time. He suggests that memory is not entirely reliable and adapts to changing contexts. This is emphas ised through the use of the cross fade technique. Images of Spzilman playacting the piano blur into one another, which suggest that memory will eventually fade and transform. The piano itself is a visual leitmotif within the film for Spzilmans survival spirit. Polanski visually enhances the Spzilmans memory of being isolated in Warsaw ghetto by placing the pianist as a single figure in the centre of the foreground.All that remains in the background are possessions abandoned by the Jews who have been deported to death camps. Memory enriches history while history informs memory. These ii key ideas are presented in Mark Bakers non-fiction biography, The Fiftieth Gate and Roman Polanskis film The Pianist, allowing the audience to understand the importance of memory and history. By examining personal experience, memory and documented evidence, an individual can a balanced and informed understanding of the past.

Police officers Essay Example for Free

Police policemans EssayHave you ever been in a situation where you find yourself stuck amidst facing consequences for things you havent done and giving in to some(prenominal)one who seems to be on a power trip and is taking advantage of their superiority over you? Whether it be a manager taking advantage of his power in the work place or a jurisprudence man or woman doing unnecessary and over the top things to you. Abuse of power seems to be a common thing in some practice of law policemans every sidereal day life and this is not okay. It is very apparent what a police officers job is and that is to protect and serve the community and make sure that real criminals are organism served justice, however some may come across police officers that use the fact that they have badges and weapons to their advantage in order to basically become a bully instead of a hero. Of course not all police officers are corrupt, most are actually doing their job and are concerned with the sentr y duty of all people and not just their own but those few that are corrupt need to be stopped and be punished for their police brutality and/or abuse of power.So the question is, are police men and women being evaluated thoroughly enough so as not to select corrupt officers? Are police officers being punished and or brought to justice because of their wrong doings? In this paper I will bring some cases of police brutality and or abuse of police powers to your attention as well as if and how police are being punished because of their illegal or down right cruel behavior. Becoming a police officer is far from an easy task as it should be, but why is it that after so much questioning and tests of integrity and moral values citizens are becoming more and more victimized by police officers? In my opinion police officers are not being as extensively tested for a corrupt mind set as we are led to believe they are. attainable police officers are asked questions on a polygraph test that mos tly tie in with the questions asked in the application process so as to get detail and obviously the truth out of anything remotely suspicious on the application. These questions mostly having to do with drug use or theft and anything that may prove an officer to be dishonest about questions already asked prior to the polygraph. These questions however rarely have to do with how officers view a citizens race, religion, gender, levels of class, etc. For example, a police officer is not asked in a polygraph test if he does not like Muslim people or if he is disgusted by gay individuals.

Causes And Effects Of Brain Drain In Economics

Causes And Effects Of headspring Drain In EconomicsIntroduction agree to a definition, Brain Drain, academic on the wholey also known as the human capital flight is the large scale migration of extremely educated, clever and talented tidy sum of less economically advanced countries to highly rich and actual countries of the universe of discourse due to conflicted issues, political instability and lack of opportunities in the developing countries.Globally, relocation of intellectuals is as old as mankind. This terminology of Brain Drain originated in 1960, when most of the intellectuals interchangeable scientists and engineers who were the real assets or the future of any hoidenish, e reincarnated from United Kingdom to America.The unsolved issue of Brain Drain is happening all over the world for the sake of better working defines including, the island nations of the Caribbean, the anterior colonies of Africa and mostly in federal economies like the Soviet Union previous Eas tern Ger galore(postnominal), where aptitudes were non monetarily salaried. This phenomena was not as severe till 1960s but with the huge cleverness lopsidedly migrate to West Germany and northeasterly America from less developed regions.Substantial exoduses of skilled people were app atomic number 18nt at altered epochs of the economic growth of the countries of Europe and North America. However, with the promotion in science and technological fields, only the intellectuals and highly pendent brains was of extraordinary mandate in highly developed countries. With the deficit in the marrow stream, the developed countries had to be dependent on the LDCs. Professionals migrated from developing countries to three Developing countries (USA, Canada and United Kingdom) in 1960s and by 1970s, the figure had mounted. If one were to investigate statistics of all Developed Countries, the records would be alarming. This drift has continued in Africa and loss of huge qualified manpower is happen immigrations to Europe and North America annually. The questions that is arise in the social, political, economic, academic and probably in every domain of developing world. According to question the phenomena happened there atomic number 18 countless questions, but I want to excuse the main attractive forces towards the developed world and why do talented and outstanding brains leave their countries? What are the costs of such migrations paid by developing countries? What policies corporation be implemented to stem such movements from LDCs to DCs?The goal of this paper is to highlight the unsolved, conflicted issue of Brain Drain and the Scientific Diaspora and the cause and effect relationship in the spherical knowledge ground societies and also to address the hatfulcerous disease directing the developing countries to failure. I will highlight some major questions, fully grown some suggestions which help to make policies to fade the disparities and the growth of s killed and semi-skilled labour in the developed world who themselves benefited to create the legislative crime of Brain run off and to hijack the rights of Cos in the shape of Scientific diaspora communities.How and when Brain Drain happens and intensifiesSince the beginning of 1960s, the phenomena of brain fail became a highlighted and critical issue. With the neo-liberal economy and the tsunami wave of globalization has given a golden chance to the opportunists and played a vital use of goods and services towards better and quality life including all accessories in every sphere of influence of life. Globalization has opened a window for the human capital to agglomerate and mobilize where the brain extract and yet best recognized and rewarded in the highly economically strong and advanced countries.To oppose the nation-state ideology by the global village, selective immigration policies in several OECD countries has gradually introduced, strengthened and became a extract cent ers to sort out the best minds to develop the innovative bureau of thoughts and utilization for the betterment of developed world, i.e. very alarming for LDCs. as human capital of a nation being the assets planned to be theft through legislative terms and conditions. The cost being paid by the LDCs left back in the race of progress and discipline.Aftermath of colonialism, such types of drains has happened between the LDCs and DCs. Australia and Canada in 1980s has emerged the international competition in all over the world to attract the highly skilled, and educated brains to catalyze the attraction and boost the greed of inferiority complex of developing areas to realize the complex of have not and to advertise the opportunities secured, wellnessy and composed societies like heaven at earth.The age of discovery, progress and the indicators of globalization, change magnitude rate of import and export in the neo-liberal economy has multiplied during the last three decades. The e nsue of the huge migration, rates to be much higher for great intellectuals. United Nation has supervised and produced countless seek to find out the total capacity of brain drain in every region of the world including Sub Saharan countries, New Zealand, even the extraction from the semi- encircling(prenominal) countries to the peripheral countries.Scientific Diaspora has been represented by the highly intellectuals enormous potential like the IT professionals, Engineers, Physicians Scientists, and the human capital flight of new post graduate students. Unfortunately the COs (country of origin) has been losing the patriotic , ethical , lesson emotions because they are suffering with the pragmatic materialist thought and the lust of opportunities darken the future of developing world.To fulfil the interest of economically advanced countries and global knowledge based societies are struggling for the human capital. It is as natural as the nature of human being and as powerful as con structed politically to keep the self-interest. in that respect is a lack of policy making in the academic world and on the governmental level in the developing world. Some main types of Brain drain are Brain Gain, Brain circulation, Brain waste etc.Causes of Increased Brain Drain in developing countriesThere are many factors which cause brain drain from the less developing countries to the highly developed countries. The regional, national and global flow of migrates are increasing every second. There are two main factors due to which people move from one place to another place. There are some major routes of human migration before fifties but highlighted in 60s. The reasons can be different region to region i.e. satisfactory facilities of goods and services, the reconnection of diverse cultural groups, in the time of conflict and war, political instability, health risks and the lack of opportunities. The mobility of intellectuals and skilled personnel or emigrants from the count ry of origin referred to as the PUSH FACTORS of their capital flight. And there are many parallel and inverse reasons for the immigrants called leave off FACTORS to attract towards host countries.Theoretical frameworkBrain drain is studied under the theoretical frame of migration theories under the two main factors as discussed downstairsPush factorsThere are certain push factors causing brain drain, to leave the less developed country to developed countries as listed below wanting(p) living conditions, dearth of conveyance, accommodationUnder-utilization of skilled and semi- skilled personnel lack of adequate working conditions low panorama of specialized developmentLow and eat returnDiscrimination in recruitments and promotionsSocial unrest, Political instability, conflicts and wars lack of look into facilities, including support staff meagreness of research funds, lack of professional apparatus and toolsLack of freedom and autonomyDeteriorating excellence of educational syst em,Why Academic intellectuals leave their Country of OriginChallenging socio-economic conditions (poverty, unemployment, epidemics diseases, increased rate of crime, corruption, etc.)Poor libraries, ICT apparatus for researchLack of autonomy academic freedom to create literature at universitiesPolitical instability and harassment, human rights manipulations, warsLack of pure democracyDeprived payments for intellectuals and skilled personnelLack of self-determination and social equivalenceLack of quality education for childrenLack of career opportunitiesLack of entrepreneurial investmentsWhy Students go overseasPoor worth of national education from the Montessori level to post graduation levelUnavailability of scholarships or financial assistance for the brilliantMiserable foot of schools, colleges and universitiesLimited opportunities for higher studies studentsAs a decided step towards emigration, they suffered with inferiority complex, due to all the above reasons and many mor e than pushing factors resulted to leave their charge up of origin.Why Students Do Not ReturnLimited employment opportunities restrict to come back in the homelandespecially at PhD level, Course or research work not relevant to home countrys state of affairsconvenience of grants for further explorationliving conditions, insufficient earning and job satisfaction in developed worldNeed to send money home and support the familyGetting married to a host countrys citizen to get the citizenshipAlthough, they suffered with many crisis as alien in the host country including the identity crisis, diaspora and make up their own imagined communities to prevent themselves with the socio-political and religious disparities.Pull FactorsSimilarly, many attractive pull factors at the finale states permitting the brain drain to occur at a higher leapSophisticated standard of livingEmployment opportunitygreater income and Higher wagesExtensive alternatives for research, unconventional and advance d technology, modern facilities of laboratory equipment availability of experienced support workforceHealthier working conditions employment and occupation opportunities with the proficient developmentModern educational schemes prestige of foreign trainingPolitical stability foreigner secured policiesMeritocracy, transparencyScholarly Intellectual autonomyAppreciation rewards on governmental levelEffects of Brain Drain in Developing CountriesAftermaths of Brain Drain in Exaggerated Regions of the globalized worldNegative effectsThe phenomena of brain drain has left harmful effects in the region of poor countries like Africa, because of their great hope, talents and skills have immigrated to the richer countries. As seen pragmatically, develop and rich countries become richer and more developed and poor and developing countries become poorest and failure states. Consequently, some of the outcomes have produced the poorer rates of growth and development, highly unstable politically some are in the condition of cold war like Pakistan ..fewer productive educational funds, and worse health care system and Loss of potential modernizers who might have paved the way to rejuvenation and up gradation through their advanced and creative abilities.Doctors, Engineers, scientists students leave for the industrialized worldAfrica loses the best brains it needs for its trade and industrial developmentAfrican recruitment of thousands of expatriates from the industrialized West at a cost of billions every yearincreased deterioration of higher schoolingUniversities have to be close, denotation of higher education not possiblePoor people seriously affected by the epidemic, infectious diseasesUniversities unable to run and achieving Development GoalsIn the global knowledge economy, Africa becoming sidelinedDue to the pitiable environment, Lack of skilled people.Crumbling poor middle classpolitical instability religious persecutionCorruption of income tax twin to less basic goods and servicesEconomic instability leads to increased rate of unemployment and inflationLack of industrial growth innovation.Positive EffectsThe brain drain may cause numerous positive effects for source countries. It is well documented that remittances of employees played a significant support to GNP of a country and are a viable spring of income in several developing countries. Remittances and transmittals intrude on family decisions in terms of professional choice, labor add together, education, investment migration, and fertility, with hypothetically essential aggregated special effects. Especially in the case of poor countries, where market inadequacies available to members of low-income classes reduce the set of possibilities.Brain Circulation equalizes Brain Drain international corporation and increase in Foreign Direct InvestmentWhen possibility of migration is real. level of education in sending countries risesAmalgamation in global economiesIncentives, right and pol icy makingThe irony of international migration today is that many of the people who migrate legally from poor to richer lands are the very ones that Third World countries can least afford to lose the highly educated and skilled. Since the great majority of these migrants move on a permanent basis, this perverse brain drain not only represents a loss of valuable human resources but could prove to be a serious constraint on the future economic progress of Third World nations (Todaro, 7th Edition, 2001).Convention signed by the organization of economic corporation and development (OECD) among twenty countries in 1960s create a keen competition among all member countries to fascinate human possessions, they lack and to preserve those who might emigrate. Various countries edited their legislation and step forward for numerous amendments to legalize the foreigner qualified brains and somehow to cheap their labour in the developed world. The policy or the legislation to work allowed but no t boastful them the full work visas compelling to do illegal work on cheap labour benefited the state capital and a legal system of exploitation is running to pressurize the foreign labour to do work illegally for their survival in the most metropolitan areas of the world Most countries announced more flexibility in labour migration policies, while some propelled the definite recruitment packages to meet labour dearth.In France, UK, Denmark and some other countries, labour visas criteria has been tranquil including skilled, qualified people in the profession of bio-medicine, education and health care type of main occupations. Various types of labour visas and quota in different countries of the developed world are much confine with the immigration policies for the highly qualified and skilled like Scholarships, grants, loans etc. in the last decade, brain drain of human capital has increased forty percent in Japan and more than ten percent in Korea. New Zealand, Canada and Australi a are the main flexible host countries laws making, and legislative attraction and relaxation to get the more and more brain gain, drain and circulation from the developing countries. The drastic ratio of emigration has been increased in every figure of peripheral countries under the legislative authority.ConclusionRecommendations for the developing countriesHow the future of developing countries can preserve and what should be the recommendation?Establish recorded database of skilled, intellectual, students and specialists on the time of red ink from LDCs.Reformation of the national education system and the infrastructure of schools, colleges and universities.High budget allocated for the higher education and use of funds purely for the education projects.Sufficient facilities for research projects in universities and establish the research cells.Encourage the distant learning and education for all.Pure democracy, encourage human rights and enforce the legislation, strictly keep a n eye on the law and order situation to stable and regulate the factors like corruption, crime etc.On governmental level, the allocation of budgets to the science and technology organizations and from the health sector to control the infectious diseases.Introduce new policies and laws to reduce the conflict and war at the national and international level.Role of government should be the key role to avoid the issue of human capital flight.Government should spend heavy fund for the infrastructure, avoid load shedding like issues and provide the demanded power supply and drinking water and the efficient communication.Facilitate the education system through training, research, and educationGovernment should advertised job opportunities on merit provide particular(prenominal) allowance and salary for the scientists, engineers, doctors and highly intellectualsState should reduce the rooted conflict to maintain peaceDemocratic governance is the best solution for the cancerous business o f brain drain.Engage the LDCs best organizations with DCs and encourage the collective training and work with DCs as partnersIf west needs some research they should request on the governmental level for researchHow western countries can help to reduce brain drain?Ensure through incentives and immigration policies, intellectual return back to their resource countries discourage labor recruitment through academics and qualified personalsDiscourage full time attendance for the foreigner graduate studentsConsideration of joint degrees with developing world universitiesEncourage riven PHDs instead of 100% attendanceSupport university association to progress LDCs (curriculum, quality and methodology of research)Collaboration through appropriate university association for e.g. (HEC, AAU, ACU, AUF IAN)

Subsurface Layer Characterisation Research

Subsurface Layer Characterisation ResearchSUBSURFACE degree CHARACTERISATION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING IN BANANA ISLAND, LAGOS, NIGERIAOLADUNJOYE, H.T., 2OLALEYE, A.O.ABSTRACTSeven (7) vertical electrical sounding stations on two traverses were used to study the depth to competent formation for earthing of engineering structures in Banana Island of Lagos. The study is meant to unravel the social movement of problem soils that shtup be inimical to structures.The sounding selective information used in this study was acquired using Schlumberger Electrode Configuration. The VES data were interpreted into a amaze trend using transport modelling software called Winglink. The recitation parameters (layer resistivities and thicknesses) for each VES point were group into three geo-electric sections to represent the 2-D models of the subsurface layers in the study rural field of operation.The final interpretation results (resistivities and depths) modelled as geoelectrical sections and pseudosections were compared at bottom the surveyed area and correlated with the borehole pound-derived depths to determine a probable depth for foundations of high rise building.The study concluded that the geophysical investigation is of great significance in partial curve matching interpretation technique gives the most consistently low percentage deviation error margins amongst the three VES preliminary interpretation techniques. thither is consistent increase in depth prediction error, with depth, in all the interpretation techniques.INTRODUCTIONgeophysical electrical resistance techniques are based on the receipt of the earth to the flow of electrical stream. In all methods, an electrical current is passed through the ground and the resulting capableness electrodes allow us to record the resultant potential difference between the current electrode is measured. The apparent resistivity is wherefore a function of the measured impedanc e (ratio of potential to current) and the geometry of the electrode array. Depending upon the survey geometry, the apparent resistivity data are plotted as 1-D soundings, 1-D profiles, or in 2- D cross-sections in order to look for anomalous regions.In the shallow subsurface, the presence of water controls frequently of the conductivity variation. Measurement of resistivity (inverse of conductivity) is, in general, a measure of water saturation and connectivity of pore space. This is because water has a low resistivity and electric current will follow the path of least resistance. Increasing saturation, increasing salinity of the underground water, increasing porosity of rock (water-filled voids) and increasing number of fractures (water-filled) all draw to decrease measured resistivity. brookivity measurements are associated with varying depths depending on the separation of the current and potential electrodes in the survey, and can be interpreted in equipment casualty of a li thologic and/or geohydrologic model of the subsurface. The choice for Direct Current (DC) resistivity survey in this project is as a result of its ability to come through a quick synoptic picture of lithological and groundwater characteristics in terms of its apparent resistivity contrast. In this work the electrical resistivity character collected were model with Winresist and Winglink inversion software. The layers parameters (resistivities and thicknesses) obtained from data processing were then inverted with Winglink to provide two-dimensional images of the subsurface apparent resistivity variation (Pseudosection). However, knowledge on the geology of the area from acquired borehole log has played a vital role in determining the best fit model.MATERIALS AND METHOD OF STUDYThe vertical electrical resistivity is used to determine the subsurface resistivity distribution and depth of the sub-surface layers with the aid of electrical resistivity meter. In this study, Schlumberger ar ray of electrical resistivity method was adopted because of the low woo of the field operation, reduced logistics man power and also faster. A total of Six (6) vertical electrical sounding (VES) were measured within the area.The resistivity measurement is taken by introducing small portion of electricity through two current electrodes (A and B) and measuring the resultant voltage drop between a suspender of potential electrodes (M and N). A simple calculated value of apparent resistivity is the parameter bearing the information for the characteristics of the subsoil (Tonkov, 2008).From the foundation of electrical resistivity speculation is the ohms law (Grant and West, 1965 Dobrin and Sarvit, 1988) (1)Where is the resistivity, R is the resistance, L is the length of the conducting cylinder and A is the cross sectional area.For the solid earth, whose material is predominantly made up of silicates and basically non conductors, the presence of water in the pore space of the so il and in the rocks fractures enhances the conductivity of the earth when an electrical current I is passed through it, therefore making the rocks a semi conductor. Since the earth is not like a straight wire and it is not an anisotropic, then Equation 1 can be customized as (2)Where variety in voltage and r is is the radius of current electrodes hemisphere. Since the earth is not homogeneous, Equation 2 is used to define an apparent resistivity which is computed as the crop of the geometric factor and the resistance recorded in the electrical resistivity meter and resistivity the earth would have if it were homogeneous (Grant and West, 1965) (3)Where, 2r is then define as the geometric factor (G) fixed for a given electrode configuration and is dependent on the electrode arrangement.The Schlumberger electrode configuration was used for this study. The geometric factor is thus given as (4)Where AB is the distance between two current electrodes, MN is the distance between two po tential electrodes.LOCATION AND GEOLOGY OF THE STUDY knowledge baseThe study area is located in the south-eastern part of Lagos State between Latitudes 6 25 to 6 28 North of the Equator and Longitudes 3 24 to 3 30 East of the Greenwich Meridian (Fig.1.1). The study area Lekki and its environ issituated within the westmostern Nigeria coastal creeks and lagoon developed by barrier beaches associated with sand proof (Pugh, 1954). It forms part of the Lagos lagoon system known as the largest of the four lagoon system in the gulf of guinea coast (Adepelumi and Olorunfemi, 2000).Banana Island is an artificial island in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is located in the Lagos Lagoon and attached to the North-Eastern Ikoyi Island by a dedicated road strip which is linked to the existing road network. The banana-shaped Island is approximately 1,630,000 square metres in size (less than a square mile) and is divided into 536 plots (of between 1000 and 4000 square metres in size) master(prenominal) ly arranged along cul-de-sacs, so designed to enhance the historically residential nature of Ikoyi.Banana Island is an artificial island reclaimed from portions of the Lagos Lagoon, topographic elevation obtained at the site averaged 4 metres above mean sea level. The study area is located within the coastal region of Nigeria with a climate of long wet season (April to October) and short dry season (November to March). Average annual ruin is above 2000mm and serves as a source of groundwater recharge. The area is susceptible to flooding after heavy rainfall during the wet season.Nigeria lies in an extensive Pan-African mobile charge which separates the West African and Congo Cratons. The belt is interpreted to have evolved from the continental collision between the West African craton and the Pan-African belt (Black et al., 1979 Caby et al., 1981). Geochronologically, the Precambrian rocks of Nigeria can be grouped into four major classes (Liberian Orogeny 2800 200 Ma, Eburnean O rogeny 2000 200 Ma, Kibaran Orogeny 1100 200 Ma and The Pan-African Orogeny 600 150 Ma). These classes correspond with the four orogenic events that have punctuated the Precambrian history of Africa (Odeyemi, 1979).Figure 2.1 Regional Geological play of Nigeria (Modified after Ajibade et al., 1988)Coastal Nigeria comprises two sedimentary basins The Benin-Dahomey basin and the Niger Delta basin separated by the Okitipupa ridge. The rocks of the Benin basin are mainly sands and shales with some limestone which thicken towards the west and the coast as well as heap dips to the coast. Recent sediments are underlain by the Coastal Plains sandpaper which is then underlain by a thick ashes layer the Ilaro Formation and other older Formations (Jones and Hockey, 1964).The Coastal Plains Sands aquifer is a multi-aquifer system consisting of three aquifer horizons separated by silty or clayey layers (Longe et al., 1987). It is the main aquifer in Lagos Metropolis that is exploited thr ough boreholes for domestic and industrial water supply.The sedimentary rocks of Lagos State are composed of five (5) sedimentary formations (Jones and Hockey, 1964) viz Abeokuta Formation, Ewekoro Formation, Ilaro Formation, the Coastal Plains Sands and the alluvial deposits. The coastal plains sand also known as the Benin Formation stretches across the Dahomey basin into the Niger Delta Basin.The geological formations of the study area composed of sediments laid down under fluviate, lascustrine and marine environments. These sediments grade into one another and vary widely in lateral extent and thickness (Adepelumi and Olorunfemi 2000). Longe et al., (1987) classified the aquifer into three types.Quantitative interpretation of the curves involved partial curve matching using two-layer Schlumberger master curves and the auxiliary K, Q, A and H curves.Output from the quantitative interpretation was modelled using computer iteration. The Resist Version 1.0 interpretation software was used for iteration and presentation of the curves (see Figures 3a f).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSThe apparent resistivities from the field plotted on a log-log graph survey against the corresponding fractional Schlumberger electrode spacing was interpreted using the computer iteration technique. The initial model was deriving by winresist software by entering layer parameters from partial curve process as the starting parameters. The resulting models were then iterated till the best fit curve as attained.In all, there was a large value for rout mean square (r.m.s) error resulting mostly from the scattered point data observed where half Schlumberger electrode spacing is greater than 32m.In order to view the resistivity distribution of the whole surveyed area, the result of the soundings data linearly and vertically interpolated into two dimensional pseudosections.The borehole records from the geo-technical investigation were used as a control in interlingual rendition the VES data a cquired in this study. Interpretation of the geo-electric curves was essentially based on the fact that resistive materials constitutes zones of interest for engineering construction, considering that clay and organic materials are conductive and typified by low resistivity values(reference).The outputs from the manual interpretation were modelled using computer iterations. Resist Version 1.0 software was utilized for the iterations. The curve types obtained are 3 layer H (VES 1), 4 layer QH (VES 2, VES 3 and VES 6) and 5 layer QHK (VES 4 and VES 5), as shown in Figures 3a f.VES 1 and VES 6 with RMS-error (Root Mean Square) of 11.7 and 10.4 respectively present better timber data than VES 2 to VES 5 with RMS-error ranging from 12.7 to 20.8, thus the interpretation of the geo-electric curves at VES 1 and VES 6, present more reliable results.From the iteration of VES 1, depth to competent bedrock (sand) is 39.6 metres, dapple depth to competent (sand) layer at VES 6 is 39.8 metr es, this is signified by the rising segment of the curve at both VES stations, typified by a relatively resistive material (5 105 -m).CONCLUSIONThis paper describes the possibility of locating a competent formation for high rise building in area around Banana Island Ikoyi using Schlumberger array. The results of the interpretation of field survey reveal only the presence such formation in depth close to 10m. At this depth saturated sandy clay can be obtain virtually for all the VES stations. This saturated sandy clay formation provides good foundation support for any high rise due to the fact that the liquefaction potential is very low compare to all other formation inferred from geologic section. filename extension Alile, M.O., S.I. Jegede and O.M. Ehigiator, 2008. Underground water exploration using electrical resistivity method in Edo State, Nigeria. Asian J. Earth Sci., 1 38-42.Anderson, N. L. Selection of Appropriate Geophysical Techniques A Generalized ProtocolBased on Engin eering Objectives and Site Characteristics. Proc., 2006 Highway Geophysics-NDE Conference, 2006, pp. 29-47. Available at http//2006geophysics.mst.edu/.Anderson, N. L., A. M. Ismail, and T. Thitimakorn. Ground-Penetrating Radar A Tool forMonitoring connect Scour. Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, Vol. 13, 2007, pp. 1-10.Dobrin, M.B. and C.H. Savit, 1988. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting. 4th Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., juvenile York.Dogara, M.D., B.M. Dewu and C.O. Ajayi, 1998. Groundwater potential of Romi, Kaduna. Nig. J. Physics., 10 85-90.Grant, F.S. and G.F., West, 1965. Interpretation Theory in Applied Geophysics. McGraw-Hill, New York.Nwankwo L.I., P.I. Olasehinde and E.B. Babatunde, 2004. The use of electrical resistivity pseudo-section in elucidating the geology of an east-west profile in the basement complex terrain of Ilorin, West-Central Nigeria. Nig. J. Pure Applied Sci., 19 1672-1682.Olasehinde, P.I., 1999. An integrated geological and geophysical explo ration for groundwater in the basement complex of west central Nigeria. Water Resourses, 10 46-49.Olasehinde, P.I., A.E. Annor and P.C. Pal, 1986. A geological evaluation of a prospective site for a weir on river Oyun, Ilorin, Nigeria. 7. Angew Geowiss, 8 83-90.Olorunfemi, M.O and S.A. Fasoyi, 1993. Aquifer types and the geoelectric/hydrogeologic characteristics of part of the central basement terrain of Nigeria (Niger State). J. Afr. Earths Sci., 16 309-317.Plummer, C.C., D. McGeory and D.H. Carlson, 1999. Physical Geology. 8th Edn., McGraw Hill Co. Inc., New York, pp 48-56.Rabiu, A.B, I. A. Adimula, K. Yumoto, J. O. Adeniyi and G. Maeda, 2009. Preliminary results from the magnetic field measurements using MAGDAS at Ilorin, Nigeria. Earth Moon Planets, 104 173-179.Rahaman, M.A., 1973. Review of the Basement Geology of South Western Nigeria. In Geology of Nigeria, Kobe, C.A. (Ed.). 2 Edn., Rockview Publishers, Jos, Nigeria.Singh, K.K.K., A.K.S. Singh, K.B. Singh and A. Sinha, 2006. 2D resistivity imaging survey for siting water-supply tube wells in metamorphic terrains A case study of CMRI campus, Dhanbad, India. The Leading Edge, 25 1458-1460

Dreamworks Animation Skg Inc Overview Film Studies Essay

Dreamworks animateness Skg Inc Overview Film Studies EssayDreamWorks SKG was founded in 1994 by tierce entertainment enthusiasts, Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg, and David Geffen (The Cornell Daily Sun). The SKG appended to the title is substitute of the first letter of each of their last names. DreamWorks SKG is gnarly in a variety of entertainment incisions such as film, music, and television. At the condemnation of its creation, all three individuals were involved in film production. Jeffrey Katzenberg had been recently fired as a studio chairman at The Walt Disney Company, Steven Spielberg had temporarily suspended his lucrative directing cargoner, and David Geffen was involved in film production as well as the record labor. Each of the individuals had something to eat uper, Spielberg with his experience in making live-action movies, Katzenbergs lifetime movies, and Geffen with his music background (Reference for Business).Financially, the gild began with deuce bi llion dollars, supplemented with various high-tech partnerships. A portion of the initial money, $500 million, was contributed by a very interested Paul Allen, co-founder of Microsoft. Spielberg, Katzenberg, and Geffen also contributed roughly $33 million to the initial funds (Reference for Business).During the first fewer years in business, DreamWorks success was like a roller coaster. Its first film, The Peacemaker, was released in 1997, and exactly reached $12 million on opening weekend. In the years to follow, DreamWorks released several more productive films such as Mouse Hunt, Deep Impact, and Antz. In an set out to delve into other(a) entertainment segments, DreamWorks released two television shows High Incident and Champs, which were failures. However, in 1996 DreamWorks released Spin City for ABC, which turned out to be quite favored (Reference for Business).By the late 90s and early 2000s, DreamWorks was pumping out very successful films, many earning multiple award s such as American Beauty, which received Best Picture at the Oscars in 1999. In 2000, DreamWorks relieve oneselfd a new division called DreamWorks vim, which produced animated feature films. With the release of Shrek in 2001, DreamWorks started competing head-to-head with Disneys animated movies. In 2004, DreamWorks lifespan became its own publicly traded company (Reference for Business).COMPETITIVE STRATEGYThe revenue generated by the film industry is massive, with very few players responsible for the total. In 2008, the U.S. box office generated nearly cardinal billion dollars (Ars Technica). The eight major film companies responsible for most of the gross revenue include DreamWorks SKG, Fox Entertainment Group, MGM Holdings Inc., NBC Universal, Paramount apparent movement Pictures Group, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Time Warner, and Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group (Motion Picture Access). Most of the previously mentioned film companies are involved in a variety of film pr oduction methods including live action, digital lifespan, animation/live action, hand animation, and stop-motion animation. Live action films account for the majority of the gross revenue generated domestically, at $8.6 billion with a little over 87% of the share. digital animation accounted for $1 billion and held over 10% of the share. The other film production methods accounted for the remaining 2.4% (The Numbers). Many of the eight major film companies have a subsidiary that produces animated movies. The companies include Fox Entertainment Group with Blue Sky Studios, Sony Pictures Entertainment with Sony Pictures energy, Time Warner with Warner Bros. Animation, MGM Holdings Inc. with MGM Animation, and Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group with Walt Disney Pictures (Motion Picture Access).DreamWorks Animation, on the other hand, is its own publicly traded company, strictly dedicated to animated film production (DreamWorks Animation SKG). With this receipts, DreamWorks Animation is attempting to outperform some of the broadly-oriented rivals in that segment. DreamWorks Animation has accomplished this by partnering with various high-tech companies such as Pacific Data Images (PDI) (Reference for Business). These partnerships allowed DreamWorks Animation access to advanced imaging technology without the costs of recreating the technology in-house. In addition, DreamWorks Animation uses a unique system to create its animations that allows for lower costs (Linux.com). Lastly, DreamWorks Animation can better serve the animation market because of its primary boil down on animation. Therefore, DreamWorks Animation is development a Focus Differentiation strategy to penetrate the film production market.STRATEGY EXECUTIONIn order to be successful in the animated film segment, DreamWorks Animation has made several strategic actions. To begin with, in 1995, DreamWorks SKG purchased a portion of Pacific Data Images, and collectively the two companies created the movie Antz, which was released in 1998. With the success of the movie, in 2000, DreamWorks SKG acquired most of PDI. The partnership with PDI created competitive advantage for DreamWorks because of the cutting-edge technology they had available for use. DreamWorks has continued to make use of this partnership, and the meet is often referred to as PDI/DreamWorks (Reference for Business).Several years later DreamWorks Animation was spun-off from DreamWorks SKG to become a separate company with the sole purpose of creating animated movies (Reference for Business). This action was to center on on a segment in which the other, larger, film companies only had subsidiaries. By creating a entirely separate publicly traded company, DreamWorks Animation has a unique advantage in that it can focus on what it does best, animated movies. In the film industry, the target market for animated films varies greatly from that of live-action. This creates an environment where DreamWorks Animation can neg ate being trampled by larger companies and focus on a smaller market. DreamWorks Animation has exploited this niche to become a leading player in film animation.DreamWorks Animation has cut costs by creating a unique system for generating its animations. After analyzing requirements, the company decided that it needed a system that was good upgradeable, reliable, and had advanced capabilities. To accomplish this, it selected to use a Linux based platform, which is an alternative Microsoft Windows or Mac OSX operating systems. Because computer generated animation is such a demanding process, it can be quite time consuming to develop. This, in turn, creates huge costs for producers because of the time necessary to make minor changes. With DreamWorks advancements, it was able to reduce the time necessary to create one scene, from three hours to real-time. Therefore, when changes to the animation were required, they could be made nearly instantaneously (Linux.com).In recent years, an i ncreasing number of film production companies are purgative 3D movies because of their popularity. In addition, many companies are beginning to realize that 3D movies are cash cows as a result of their high shred prices. With this in mind, Katzenberg, CEO of DreamWorks Animation, stated that every film DreamWorks makes from flat on will be made in 3D (CG Society). Katzenberg is betting that 3D films are here to stay this time around, unlike the 3D craze in the 1950s. One of the largest contributing factors to this renewed interest is the fact that 3D movies can now be produced in a more cost effective manner. This is largely due to the advancements in technology, which allows companies such as DreamWorks to use the latest stereoscopic 3D technology to build its movies from the ground up (CG Society). Katzenberg explains that 3D film production will be quite rewarding for DreamWorks AnimationI believe CG animation is in the best position to take advantage of the latest advancement in 3D technology, said Katzenberg. Since our films are made digitally, it presents numerous opportunities for our filmmakers. And by locomote into this area now, DreamWorks Animation is developing expertise that will differentiate our films and provide a lasting competitive advantage (CG Society).FINANCIAL PERFORMANCEIn hostility of a tough economic climate the past few years, DreamWorks Animation has performed above and beyond expectations. In 2009, DreamWorks reported double-digit year-over-year growth in revenue and internet per share (Market Watch). Revenue increased by 12% from 2008-2009, and earnings per share increased 10% (Market Watch). The following table demonstrates the performance of DreamWorks Animation for the past few yearsFigure1. Adapted from DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. Morningstar Equity Research, p. 2. Copyright 2010 by Morningstar.In comparison to other film production companies, DreamWorks Animation is quite small in size. The following table compares Dr eamWorks Animation with the more broadly-oriented Walt Disney CompanyFigure 2. Adapted from DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. Morningstar Equity Research, p. 2. Copyright 2010 by Morningstar.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE / VRIO FRAMEWORKWhen DreamWorks SKG spun off DreamWorks Animation, this did not create a true first-mover advantage, because it was not the first occupant in the segment. However, it can be thought of as a first-mover strategy in the sense that DreamWorks Animations was an entirely separate company dedicated to animation, unlike the other broadly-oriented film companies. DreamWorks did this to become a significant occupant in the animation segment of the film industry, which created a competitive advantage.DreamWorks Animation partnered with high-tech companies such as PDI, which allowed access to important technology. As a result, this created a competitive advantage for the company. The capabilities that DreamWorks Animation has at its disposal are costly to implement in-hou se, and may be costly and/or difficult to acquire. In addition, because it has majority interest in PDI, DreamWorks Animation can readily employ the capabilities. With the necessary technology in its grasp, DreamWorks Animation is able to grow within its segment.Another capability advantageous to DreamWorks Animation is its wont system used to generate the animated films. Because the system environment has been modified to better suit the specific needs of the company, this capability is difficult to match. By using this capability DreamWorks Animation can reduce time-related costs that other industry companies are faced with. This allows the producer to focus on animations, without having to worry about the time needed to edit a scene.STRATEGIC FIT / FUTURE PERFORMANCEAs a focus differentiator, DreamWorks Animation has penetrated the animation segment of the film industry and has become a pivotal player in that market. With the many supportive capabilities available to the company , it has successfully expanded within its niche, and continues to grow. Strategically, DreamWorks Animation fits seamlessly within the film industry, because of its focus on a single, smaller segment.The arrival of more advanced 3D technologies, and the associated cost savings definitely provides a promising outlook for the company. Because of its advanced capabilities, DreamWorks Animation will be able to fully take advantage of this opportunity. Therefore, in the next few years, the performance of the company should meet and possibly exceed expectations.

Basics of Human Gene Therapy :: Genetics Science Essays

Basics of Human divisor TherapyWouldnt it be wonderful if there was no crumbcer? No heart disease? No course problems? Everyone wants to be healthy and have a healthy family but some diseases are ingredienttically related. How are these diseases avoided? This perplexity was pondered by molecular biologists and geneticists. What they developed testament revolutionize medicine and health care as we know it. The technique used to try to cure these incurable genetic diseases is called pitying gene therapy. Gene therapy is by no means a new field of scientific query. The idea was first proposed back in the 1950s when Watson and Crick described a poseur of the double-stranded helix of DNA (Griffith 316). Knowing that DNA is composed of nucleotide home plate pairs in certain ways, scientists began to ask questions around the DNA structure in the 1970s (Becker) . If the bases nooky be arranged in properly, then why cant they be rearranged in the correct way to produce the craved e ffect? Genetic experiments involving base conjunction went on for years. After these years experiments with bacteria and viruses began. The genetic codes of these cells were changed to express different products like insulin. These products are mankind ground but can be produced by non-human cells. This led to more thoughts and questions. If a bacteria cell can be altered to produce a human product, then why cant a human cell which cant produce this product be altered to produce it also? New experiments began with animal(prenominal)s and creatures with larger genomes. Answers formed from the animal experiments. Technical advances occurred to the point that gene therapy could be performed on humans. Gene therapy has now become a relatively simple process. The basics of the process are the naming of the gene in question, duplication of that gene, and launching of the gene into the human genome needing the gene (CIS) . The gene that needs to be altered or replaced must be identif ied. The correctly functioning gene that replaces the defective gene must first be degage and then duplicated. The gene in question can be isolated by attaching a molecular patsy to the gene. The gene is then removed from the genome by a restriction enzyme that will break the genome only at the want base junctions (i.e. when ATA is next to GAT). Genes removed from the genome can be duplicated easily by PCR. PCR is a process where the genetic sequence of the gene is replicated by the introduction of base pairs in the sequence along with comeback enzymes, which induce, cause, and proofread replication.Basics of Human Gene Therapy Genetics Science EssaysBasics of Human Gene TherapyWouldnt it be wonderful if there was no cancer? No heart disease? No blood problems? Everyone wants to be healthy and have a healthy family but some diseases are genetically related. How are these diseases avoided? This question was pondered by molecular biologists and geneticists. What they developed w ill revolutionize medicine and health care as we know it. The technique used to try to cure these incurable genetic diseases is called human gene therapy. Gene therapy is by no means a new field of scientific query. The idea was first proposed back in the 1950s when Watson and Crick described a model of the double-stranded helix of DNA (Griffith 316). Knowing that DNA is composed of nucleotide base pairs in certain ways, scientists began to ask questions about the DNA structure in the 1970s (Becker) . If the bases can be arranged incorrectly, then why cant they be rearranged in the correct way to produce the desired effect? Genetic experiments involving base pairing went on for years. After these years experiments with bacteria and viruses began. The genetic codes of these cells were changed to express different products like insulin. These products are human based but can be produced by non-human cells. This led to more thoughts and questions. If a bacteria cell can be altered to p roduce a human product, then why cant a human cell which cant produce this product be altered to produce it also? New experiments began with animals and creatures with larger genomes. Answers formed from the animal experiments. Technical advances occurred to the point that gene therapy could be performed on humans. Gene therapy has now become a relatively simple process. The basics of the process are the identification of the gene in question, duplication of that gene, and insertion of the gene into the human genome needing the gene (CIS) . The gene that needs to be altered or replaced must be identified. The correctly functioning gene that replaces the defective gene must first be isolated and then duplicated. The gene in question can be isolated by attaching a molecular marker to the gene. The gene is then removed from the genome by a restriction enzyme that will break the genome only at the desired base junctions (i.e. when ATA is next to GAT). Genes removed from the genome can b e duplicated easily by PCR. PCR is a process where the genetic sequence of the gene is replicated by the introduction of base pairs in the sequence along with replication enzymes, which induce, cause, and proofread replication.

A Pharmacist :: essays research papers

A PharmacistBeing a pharmacist is much harder than what you probably thought it was.Pharmacists in a hospital have many, many responsibilities. They must be verycareful that they have mea certainlyd the medication correctly, because one littlemistake can be potentially fatal.Pharmacists must know what many of the medications do, and if there are any sideeffects and incompatibilities with other medications the patient might be on.For example, a soulfulness might be taking a medication for another problem, and ifthe physician and pharmacist dont notice that condition, the prescribedmedication might cause a detrimental interaction. This does not happen with alldrugs, but it happens with a few, and you certainly dont want a result likethat. The pharmacist must also make sure that the patient does not have anyallergies against that type of medication.Pharmacists should also know generic brands of medication that might save thepatients money. They must know any differences in the midst of the brand name and thegeneric name, such as drug interactions, side effects, and how it should betaken.Some responsibilities of the pharmacist include making intravenous solutions andoperating the TPN, which takes intravenous solutions and adds vitamins such asamino acids. They also refill storage bins in the Emergency Room, where doctorscan get them if a patient needs them immediately.Charles Rudolph Walgreen Sr. Is the throw of Walgreens. When he was twenty,he borrowed twenty dollars, and moved from Dixon, Illinois to Chicago.Throughout pharmacy school, he worked for pharmacies in the day and went toschool at night. When the United States went to War with Spain in 1898,Walgreen was enlisted as a private. There were many diseases in Cuba, andWalgreen fell sick. The doctor was so sure that Walgreen was going to die, thathe put Walgreens name on the casualty list, and newspapers told of his finisWhen Walgreen returned from the war, he worked as a pharmacist for a man by thenam e of Isaac W. Blood. He later bought out Bloods pharmacy. Customer servicewas very eventful to Walgreen. Often, he would answer the phone himself, thentell the delivery boy what the prescription was and where to deliver it. Hewould converse with the customer, so that usually the prescription would roll in the haybefore the customer had hung up the phone.In 1909, he purchased one of the busiest pharmacies in Chicago with a partner,